Python Built-In Functions

(1) What Is A Built-In Function?

A built-in function is a function that is already available in a programming language, application, or another tool that can be accessed by end users.
The end user can directly call the function to use it.
But you must know how the function works.

(2) Different Built-In Function?

Python provides total of 69 built-in functions.
Let’s discuss them one by one with examples.

(1) abs( )

Definition:

The abs( ) function returns the absolute value of the specified number.

Syntax:

abs(n)

Parameter Values:

n = Required. A number

Examples:

x = abs(-7.25)
y = abs(7+8j)

print(x)
print(y)

Output:
7.25
10.63014581273465

(2) any( )

Definition:

The any() function returns True if any item in an iterable are True, otherwise it returns False.
If the iterable object is empty, the any() function will return False.
One (1) is considered as True.

Syntax:

any(iterable)

Parameter Values:

iterable = An iterable object (list, tuple, dictionary)

Examples:

mylist1 = [True, True, True]
mylist2 = [0, 0, 1]
mylist3 = []
myset = {1, 1, 0}
mydict = {0 : "Subrat", 1 : "Abhipsa"}


print(any(mylist1))
print(any(mylist2))
print(any(mylist3))
print(any(myset))
print(any(mydict))

Output:
True
True
False
True
True

(4) ascii( )

Definition:

The ascii( ) function returns a readable version of any object (Strings, Tuples, Lists, etc).
The ascii( ) function will replace any non-ascii characters with escape characters:
å will be replaced with \xe5.

Syntax:

ascii(object)

Parameter Values:

object = An object, like String, List, Tuple, Dictionary etc.

Examples:

x = ascii("My name is Ståle")
y = ascii(1648789)

print(x)
print(y)

Output:
'My name is St\xe5le'
1648789

(5) bin( )

Definition:

The bin( ) function returns the binary version of a specified integer.
The result will always start with the prefix 0b.

Syntax:

bin(n)

Parameter Values:

n = Required. An integer

Examples:

x = bin(36)
y = bin(111)

print(x)
print(y)

Output:
0b100100
0b1101111

(6) bool( )

Definition:

The bool() function returns the Boolean value of a specified object.
The object will always return True, unless:
The object is empty, like [], (), {}
The object is False
The object is 0
The object is None

Syntax:

bool(object)

Parameter Values:

object = Any object, like String, List, Number etc.

Examples:

x = bool(123)
y = bool(0)

print(x)
print(y)

Output:
True
False

(7) bytearray( )

Definition:

The bytearray() function returns a bytearray object.
It can convert objects into bytearray objects, or create empty bytearray object of the specified size.

Syntax:

bytearray(x, encoding, error)

Parameter Values:

x = A source to use when creating the bytearray object.
If it is an integer, an empty bytearray object of the specified size will be created.
If it is a String, make sure you specify the encoding of the source.
encoding = The encoding of the string
error = Specifies what to do if the encoding fails.

Examples:

x = bytearray(4)
y = bytearray(10)

print(x)
print(y)

Output:
bytearray(b'\x00\x00\x00\x00')
bytearray(b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00')

(8) bytes( )

Definition:

The bytes() function returns a bytes object.
It can convert objects into bytes objects, or create empty bytes object of the specified size.
The difference between bytes() and bytearray() is that bytes() returns an object that cannot be modified, and bytearray() returns an object that can be modified.

Syntax:

bytes(x, encoding, error)

Parameter Values:

x = A source to use when creating the bytes object.
If it is an integer, an empty bytes object of the specified size will be created.
If it is a String, make sure you specify the encoding of the source.
encoding = The encoding of the string
error = Specifies what to do if the encoding fails.

Examples:

x = bytes(4)
y = bytes(10)

print(x)
print(y)

Output:
b'\x00\x00\x00\x00'
b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'

(9) callable( )

Definition:

The callable() function returns True if the specified object is callable, otherwise it returns False.

Syntax:

callable(object)

Parameter Values:

object = The object you want to test if it is callable or not.

Examples:

def x():
  a = 5

var = 87 # A Normal Variable Is Not Callable

print(callable(x))
print(callable(var))

Output:
True
False

(10) chr( )

Definition:

The chr() function returns the character that represents the specified unicode.

Syntax:

chr(number)

Parameter Values:

number = An integer representing a valid Unicode code point

Examples:

x = chr(97)
y = chr(5)

print(x)
print(y)

Output:
a

(11) classmethod()

Definition:

The classmethod() method returns a class method for the given function.

Syntax:

classmethod(function)

Parameter Values:

function = Function that needs to be converted into a class method

Examples:

class Student:
    marks = 0
    def compute_marks(self, obtained_marks):
        marks = obtained_marks
        print('Obtained Marks:', marks)

# convert compute_marks() to class method
Student.print_marks = classmethod(Student.compute_marks)

Student.print_marks(88)

Output:
Obtained Marks: 88

(12) compile()

Definition:

The compile() function returns the specified source as a code object, ready to be executed.

Syntax:

compile(source, filename, mode, flag, dont_inherit, optimize)

Parameter Values:

source = Required. The source to compile, can be a String, a Bytes object, or an AST object
filename = Required. The name of the file that the source comes from. If the source does not come from a file, you can write whatever you like.
mode = Required. Legal values:
eval – if the source is a single expression
exec – if the source is a block of statements
single – if the source is a single interactive statement
flags = Optional. How to compile the source. Default 0
dont-inherit = Optional. How to compile the source. Default False
optimize = Optional. Defines the optimization level of the compiler. Default -1

Examples:

x = compile('print(55)', 'test', 'eval')
y = compile('print(55)\nprint(88)', 'test', 'exec')

exec(x)
exec(y)

Output:
55
55
88

(13) complex()

Definition:

The complex() function returns a complex number by specifying a real number and an imaginary number.

Syntax:

complex(real, imaginary)

Parameter Values:

real = Required. A number representing the real part of the complex number. Default 0. The real number can also be a String, like this ‘3+5j’, when this is the case, the second parameter should be omitted.
imaginary = Optional. A number representing the imaginary part of the complex number. Default 0.

Examples:

x = complex(3, 5)
y = complex('23+56j')

print(x)
print(y)

x = complex(3, 5)
y = complex('23+56j')

print(x)
print(y)

(14) complex()

Definition:

The delattr() function will delete the specified attribute from the specified object.

Syntax:

delattr(object, attribute)

Parameter Values:

object = Required. An object.
attribute = Required. The name of the attribute you want to remove

Examples:

class Person:
    name = "John"
    age = 36
    country = "Norway"

delattr(Person, 'age') #Deleting Age Attribute

Person.age

Output:
AttributeError                            Traceback (most recent call last)
Input In [153], in <cell line: 1>()
----> 1 Person.age

AttributeError: type object 'Person' has no attribute 'age'

(15) getattr()

Definition:

The getattr() function returns the value of the specified attribute from the specified object.

Syntax:

getattr(object, attribute, default)

Parameter Values:

object = Required. An object.
attribute = The name of the attribute you want to get the value from.
default = Optional. The value to return if the attribute does not exist.

Examples:

class Person:
    name = "Abhispa"
    age = 30
    country = "India"

x = getattr(Person, 'age')
y = getattr(Person, 'country')

print(x)
print(y)

Output:
30
India

(16) hasattr()

Definition:

The hasattr() function returns True if the specified object has the specified attribute, otherwise False.

Syntax:

hasattr(object, attribute)

Parameter Values:

object = Required. An object.
attribute = The name of the attribute you want to check if exists

Examples:

class Person:
    name = "Abhispa"
    age = 30
    country = "India"

x = hasattr(Person, 'name')
y = hasattr(Person, 'age')

print(x)
print(y)

Output:
True
True

(17) setattr()

Definition:

The setattr() function sets the value of the specified attribute of the specified object.

Syntax:

setattr(object, attribute, value)

Parameter Values:

object = Required. An object.
attribute = Required. The name of the attribute you want to set
value = Required. The value you want to give the specified attribute

Examples:

class Person:
    name = "John"
    age = 36
    country = "Norway"

setattr(Person, 'age', 40)

print(Person.age)

Output:
40

(18) dict()

Definition:

The dict() function creates a dictionary.

Syntax:

dict(keyword arguments)

Parameter Values:

keyword arguments = Required. As many keyword arguments you like, separated by comma: key = value, key = value …

Examples:

x = dict(name = "Abhispa", age = 30, country = "India")

print(x)

Output:
{'name': 'Abhispa', 'age': 30, 'country': 'India'}

(19) dir()

Definition:

The dir() function returns all properties and methods of the specified object, without the values.
This function will return all the properties and methods, even built-in properties which are default for all object.

Syntax:

dir(object)

Parameter Values:

object = The object you want to see the valid attributes of

Examples:

class Person:
    name = "Abhispa"
    age = 30
    country = "India"

print(dir(Person))

Output:
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', 'age', 'country', 'name']

(20) divmod()

Definition:

The divmod() function returns a tuple containing the quotient and the remainder when argument1 (dividend) is divided by argument2 (divisor).

Syntax:

divmod(dividend, divisor)

Parameter Values:

dividend = A Number. The number you want to divide.
divisor = A Number. The number you want to divide with.

Examples:

x = divmod(5, 2)
y = divmod(10, 5)

print(x)
print(y)

Output:
(2, 1)
(2, 0)

(21) enumerate()

Definition:

The enumerate() function takes a collection (e.g. a tuple) and returns it as an enumerate object.
The enumerate() function adds a counter as the key of the enumerate object.

Syntax:

enumerate(iterable, start)

Parameter Values:

iterable = An iterable object.
start = A Number. Defining the start number of the enumerate object. Default 0

Examples:

x = ('apple', 'banana', 'cherry')
y = enumerate(x)

for i in y:
    print(i)

Output:
(0, 'apple')
(1, 'banana')
(2, 'cherry')

(22) eval()

Definition:

The eval() function evaluates the specified expression, if the expression is a legal Python statement, it will be executed.

Syntax:

eval(expression, globals, locals)

Parameter Values:

expression = A String, that will be evaluated as Python code
globals = Optional. A dictionary containing global parameters
locals = Optional. A dictionary containing local parameters

Examples:

x = 'print(55)'
y = '20 + 30'

eval(x)
eval(y)

Output:
55
50

(23) exec()

Definition:

The exec() function executes the specified Python code.
The exec() function accepts large blocks of code, unlike the eval() function which only accepts a single expression

Syntax:

exec(object, globals, locals)

Parameter Values:

expression = A String, that will be evaluated as Python code
globals = Optional. A dictionary containing global parameters
locals = Optional. A dictionary containing local parameters

Examples:

x = 'name = "John"\nprint(name)'
y = 'sum = 20 + 30'

exec(x)
exec(y)

print(sum)

Output:
John
50

(24) filter()

Definition:

The filter() function returns an iterator were the items are filtered through a function to test if the item is accepted or not.

Syntax:

filter(function, iterable)

Parameter Values:

function = A Function to be run for each item in the iterable
iterable = The iterable to be filtered

Examples:

ages = [5, 12, 17, 18, 24, 32]

def myFunc(x):
      if x < 18:
        return False
      else:
        return True

adults = filter(myFunc, ages)

for x in adults:
      print(x)

Output:
18
24
32

(25) float()

Definition:

The float() function converts the specified value into a floating point number.

Syntax:

float(value)

Parameter Values:

value = A number or a string that can be converted into a floating point number.

Examples:

x = float(44)
y = float("45.543")

print(x)
print(y)

Output:
44.0
45.543

(26) format()

Definition:

The format() function formats a specified value into a specified format.

Syntax:

format(value, format)

Parameter Values:

value= A value of any format
format = The format you want to format the value into.
Legal values:
‘<‘ – Left aligns the result (within the available space)
‘>’ – Right aligns the result (within the available space)
‘^’ – Center aligns the result (within the available space)
‘=’ – Places the sign to the left most position
‘+’ – Use a plus sign to indicate if the result is positive or negative
‘-‘ – Use a minus sign for negative values only
‘ ‘ – Use a leading space for positive numbers
‘,’ – Use a comma as a thousand separator
‘_’ – Use a underscore as a thousand separator
‘b’ – Binary format
‘c’ – Converts the value into the corresponding unicode character
‘d’ – Decimal format
‘e’ – Scientific format, with a lower case e
‘E’ – Scientific format, with an upper case E
‘f’ – Fix point number format
‘F’ – Fix point number format, upper case
‘g’ – General format
‘G’ – General format (using a upper case E for scientific notations)
‘o’ – Octal format
‘x’ – Hex format, lower case
‘X’ – Hex format, upper case
‘n’ – Number format
‘%’ – Percentage format

Examples:

# Format the number 0.5 into a percentage value:
x = format(0.5, '%')

#Format 255 into a hexadecimal value.
y = format(255, 'x')

#Format 4 into a binary value.
z = format(4,'b')

print(x)
print(y)
print(z)

Output:
50.000000%
ff
100

(27) frozenset()

Definition:

The frozenset() function returns an unchangeable frozenset object (which is like a set object, only unchangeable).

Syntax:

frozenset(iterable)

Parameter Values:

iterable= An iterable object, like list, set, tuple etc.

Examples:

mylist = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
x = frozenset(mylist)
x[1] = "strawberry"

Output:
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
Input In [205], in <cell line: 3>()
      1 mylist = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
      2 x = frozenset(mylist)
----> 3 x[1] = "strawberry"

TypeError: 'frozenset' object does not support item assignment

(28) globals()

Definition:

The globals() function returns the global symbol table as a dictionary.
A symbol table contains necessary information about the current program.

Syntax:

globals()

Parameter Values:

No parameters

Examples:

k = globals()
print(k)

{'__name__': '__main__', '__doc__': 'Automatically created module for IPython interactive environment', '__package__': None, '__loader__': None, '__spec__': None, '__builtin__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, '__builtins__': <module 'builtins' (built-in)>, '_ih': ['', 'k = globals()', 'print(k)'], '_oh': {}, '_dh': [WindowsPath('C:/Users/SuSahoo/Blogs')], 'In': ['', 'k = globals()', 'print(k)'], 'Out': {}, 'get_ipython': <bound method InteractiveShell.get_ipython of <ipykernel.zmqshell.ZMQInteractiveShell object at 0x000001CA46595340>>, 'exit': <IPython.core.autocall.ZMQExitAutocall object at 0x000001CA465958B0>, 'quit': <IPython.core.autocall.ZMQExitAutocall object at 0x000001CA465958B0>, '_': '', '__': '', '___': '', '_i': 'k = globals()', '_ii': '', '_iii': '', '_i1': 'k = globals()', 'k': {...}, '_i2': 'print(k)'}

(29) hash()

Definition:

The hash() method returns the hash value of an object if it has one.
Hash values are just integers that are used to compare dictionary keys during a dictionary look quickly.

Syntax:

hash(object)

Parameter Values:

object = The object whose hash value is to be returned (integer, string, float)

Examples:

# hash for integer unchanged
print('Hash for 181 is:', hash(181))

# hash for decimal
print('Hash for 181.23 is:',hash(181.23))

# hash for string
print('Hash for Python is:', hash('Python'))

Output:
Hash for 181 is: 181
Hash for 181.23 is: 530343892119126197
Hash for Python is: 3481074319066699869

(30) help()

Definition:

The help() method calls the built-in Python help system.

Syntax:

help(object)

Parameter Values:

object (optional) = you want to generate the help of the given object.

Examples:

help(list)

help(dict)

help(print)

help([1, 2, 3])

Output:
'My name is St\xe5le'
1648789

(31) hex()

Definition:

The hex() function converts the specified number into a hexadecimal value.
The returned string always starts with the prefix 0x.

Syntax:

hex(number)

Parameter Values:

number = An Integer.

Examples:

x = hex(255)
y = hex(1)

print(x)
print(y)

Output:
0xff
0x1

(32) id()

Definition:

The id() function returns a unique id for the specified object.
All objects in Python has its own unique id.
The id is assigned to the object when it is created.
The id is the object’s memory address, and will be different for each time you run the program. (except for some object that has a constant unique id, like integers from -5 to 256)

Syntax:

id(object)

Parameter Values:

object = An object, like String, List, Tuple, Dictionary etc.

Examples:

x = ('apple', 'banana', 'cherry')
y = [1,2,3,4,5]

print(id(x))
print(id(y))

Output:
2064099404416
2064098945344

(33) input()

Definition:

The input() function allows user to input some value.

Syntax:

input(prompt)

Parameter Values:

object = An object, like String, List, Tuple, Dictionary etc..

Examples:

x = input('Enter your name:')
print('Hello, ' + x)

Output:
Enter your name:Abhispa
Hello, Abhispa

(34) int()

Definition:

The int() function converts the specified value into an integer number.

Syntax:

int(value, base)

Parameter Values:

value = A number or a string that can be converted into an integer number.
base = A number representing the number format. Default value: 10

Examples:

x = int("78")
y = int("87")

print(x)
print(y)

Output:
78
87

(35) isinstance()

Definition:

The isinstance() function returns True if the specified object is of the specified type, otherwise False.
If the type parameter is a tuple, this function will return True if the object is one of the types in the tuple.

Syntax:

isinstance(object, type)

Parameter Values:

object = Required, An object, like String, List, Tuple, Dictionary etc.
type = A type or a class, or a tuple of types and/or classes

Examples:

x = isinstance(5, int)
y = isinstance("Hello", (float, int, str, list, dict, tuple))

print(x)
print(y)

Output:
True
True

(36) issubclass()

Definition:

The issubclass( ) function returns True if the specified object is a subclass of the specified object, otherwise False.

Syntax:

issubclass(object, subclass)

Parameter Values:

object = Required , An object, like String, List, Tuple, Dictionary etc.
subclass = A class object, or a tuple of class objects

Examples:

class myAge:
    age = 36

class myObj(myAge):
    name = "John"
    age = myAge

x = issubclass(myObj, myAge)

print(x)

Output:
True

(37) iter()

Definition:

The iter( ) function returns an iterator object.

Syntax:

iter(object, sentinel)

Parameter Values:

object =Required. An iterable object
sentinel = Optional. If the object is a callable object the iteration will stop when the returned value is the same as the sentinel

Examples:

x = iter(["apple", "banana", "cherry"])
print(next(x))
print(next(x))
print(next(x))

Output:
apple
banana
cherry

(38) len()

Definition:

The len() function returns the number of items in an object.
When the object is a string, the len() function returns the number of characters in the string.

Syntax:

len(object)

Parameter Values:

object = Required. An object. Must be a sequence or a collection

Examples:

x = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
y = "Hello"

print(len(x))
print(len(y))

Output:
3
5

(39) list()

Definition:

The list( ) function creates a list object.
A list object is a collection which is ordered and changeable.

Syntax:

list(iterable)

Parameter Values:

iterable= Required. A sequence, collection or an iterator object

Examples:

x = list(('apple', 'banana', 'cherry'))
y = list('Abhispa')

print(x)
print(y)

Output:
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
['A', 'b', 'h', 'i', 's', 'p', 'a']

(40) locals()

Definition:

The locals() function returns the local symbol table as a dictionary.
A symbol table contains necessary information about the current program.

Syntax:

locals()

Parameter Values:

No parameters

Examples:

x = locals()
print(x["__name__"])

Output:
__main__

(41) map()

Definition:

The map() function executes a specified function for each item in an iterable.
The item is sent to the function as a parameter.

Syntax:

map(function, iterables)

Parameter Values:

function = Required. The function to execute for each item.
iterable = Required. A sequence, collection or an iterator object. You can send as many iterables as you like, just make sure the function has one parameter for each iterable.

Examples:

def myfunc(n):
    return len(n)

x = map(myfunc, ('apple', 'banana', 'cherry'))

for i in x:
    print(i)

Output:
5
6
6

(42) max()

Definition:

The max() function returns the item with the highest value, or the item with the highest value in an iterable.
If the values are strings, an alphabetically comparison is done.

Syntax:

max(n1, n2, n3, ...)

Parameter Values:

n1, n2, n3, … = One or more items to compare

Examples:

x = ascii("My name is Ståle")
y = ascii(1648789)

print(x)
print(y)

Output:
10
7

(43) memoryview()

Definition:

The memoryview( ) function returns a memory view object from a specified object.

Syntax:

memoryview(obj)

Parameter Values:

obj = A Bytes object or a Bytearray object.

Examples:

x = memoryview(b"Abhispa")

print(x)

#return the Unicode of the first character
print(x[0])

#return the Unicode of the second character
print(x[1])

Output:
<memory at 0x000001E095CA31C0>
65
98

(44) min()

Definition:

The min( ) function returns the item with the lowest value, or the item with the lowest value in an iterable.
If the values are strings, an alphabetically comparison is done.

Syntax:

min(n1, n2, n3, ...)

Parameter Values:

n1, n2, n3, … = One or more items to compare.

Examples:

x = min("Subrat", "Abhispa", "Arpita")
y = min(1, 5, 3, 9)

print(x)
print(y)

Output:
Abhispa
1

(45) next()

Definition:

The next( ) function returns the next item in an iterator.
You can add a default return value, to return if the iterable has reached to its end.

Syntax:

next(iterable, default)

Parameter Values:

iterable = Required. An iterable object.
default = Optional. An default value to return if the iterable has reached to its end.

Examples:

mylist = iter(["Subrat", "Abhispa", "Arpita"])

x = next(mylist)

print(x)

x = next(mylist)

print(x)

x = next(mylist)

print(x)

Output:
Subrat
Abhispa
Arpita

(46) object()

Definition:

The object( ) function returns an empty object.
You cannot add new properties or methods to this object.
This object is the base for all classes, it holds the built-in properties and methods which are default for all classes.

Syntax:

object()

Parameter Values:

No parameters

Examples:

x = object()

print(x)

x = object()

print(x)

(47) oct()

Definition:

The oct( ) function converts an integer into an octal string.
Octal strings in Python are prefixed with 0o.

Syntax:

oct(int)

Parameter Values:

int = An Integer Number.

Examples:

x = oct(12)

print(x)

Output:
0o14

(48) open()

Definition:

The open() function opens a file, and returns it as a file object.

Syntax:

open(file, mode)

Parameter Values:

file = The path and name of the file.
mode = A string, define which mode you want to open the file in:
“r” – Read – Default value. Opens a file for reading, error if the file does not exist

“a” – Append – Opens a file for appending, creates the file if it does not exist

“w” – Write – Opens a file for writing, creates the file if it does not exist

“x” – Create – Creates the specified file, returns an error if the file exist

In addition you can specify if the file should be handled as binary or text mode

“t” – Text – Default value. Text mode

“b” – Binary – Binary mode (e.g. images)

Examples:

f = open("E:/Blogs/Python/demofile.txt", "r")
print(f.read())

My Name Is Subrat Kumar Sahoo
I Am From India
I Likes To Write Blogs

(49) ord()

Definition:

The ord() function returns the number representing the Unicode code of a specified character.

Syntax:

ord(character)

Parameter Values:

character = String, any character

Examples:

x = ord("A")

print(x)

Output:
65

(50) pow()

Definition:

The pow() function returns the value of x to the power of y (xy).
If a third parameter is present, it returns x to the power of y, modulus z.

Syntax:

pow(x, y, z)

Parameter Values:

x = A number, the base.
y = A number, the exponent
z = Optional. A number, the modulus

Examples:

x = pow(4, 3) #(same as 4 * 4 * 4):
y = pow(4, 3, 5) #(same as (4 * 4 * 4) % 5)

print(x)
print(y)

Output:
64
4

(51) print()

Definition:

The print() function prints the specified message to the screen, or other standard output device.
The message can be a string, or any other object, the object will be converted into a string before written to the screen.

Syntax:

print(object(s), sep=separator, end=end, file=file, flush=flush)

Parameter Values:

object(s) Any object, and as many as you like. Will be converted to string before printed
sep=‘separator’ Optional. Specify how to separate the objects, if there is more than one. Default is ‘ ‘
end=‘end’ Optional. Specify what to print at the end. Default is ‘\n’ (line feed)
file Optional. An object with a write method. Default is sys.stdout
flush Optional. A Boolean, specifying if the output is flushed (True) or buffered (False). Default is False

Examples:

print("Hello World")

print("Hello", "how are you?")

x = ("Subrat", "Abhispa", "Arpita")

print(x)

print("Hello", "how are you?", sep="---")

Output:
Hello World
Hello how are you?
('Subrat', 'Abhispa', 'Arpita')
Hello---how are you?

(52) property()

Definition:

Python property() function returns the object of the property class and it is used to create property of a class.

Syntax:

property(fget, fset, fdel, doc)

Parameter Values:

fget() – used to get the value of attribute
fset() – used to set the value of attribute
fdel() – used to delete the attribute value
doc() – string that contains the documentation (docstring) for the attribute
Return: Returns a property attribute from the given getter, setter and deleter.

Examples:

# Python program to explain property() function
# Alphabet class

class Alphabet:
	def __init__(self, value):
		self._value = value

	# getting the values
	def getValue(self):
		print('Getting value')
		return self._value

	# setting the values
	def setValue(self, value):
		print('Setting value to ' + value)
		self._value = value

	# deleting the values
	def delValue(self):
		print('Deleting value')
		del self._value

	value = property(getValue, setValue,
					delValue, )


# passing the value
x = Alphabet('Praudyog')
print(x.value)

x.value = 'GfG'

del x.value

Output:
Getting value
Praudyog
Setting value to GfG
Deleting value

(53) range()

Definition:

The range() function returns a sequence of numbers, starting from 0 by default, and increments by 1 (by default), and stops before a specified number.

Syntax:

range(start, stop, step)

Parameter Values:

start = Optional. An integer number specifying at which position to start. Default is 0.
stop = Required. An integer number specifying at which position to stop (not included).
step = Optional. An integer number specifying the incrementation. Default is 1

Examples:

x = range(3, 10, 2)
for n in x:
    print(n)

Output:
3
5
7
9

(54) repr()

Definition:

The repr( ) returns a readable version of an object.
Basically it converts any object to string type to print.

Syntax:

repr(obj)

Parameter Values:

obj = The object whose printable representation has to be returned

Examples:

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

# create a printable representation of the list

printable_numbers = repr(numbers)

print(printable_numbers)

print(type(printable_numbers))

Output:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
<class 'str'>

(49) ord()

Definition:

The ord() function returns the number representing the Unicode code of a specified character.

Syntax:

ord(character)

Parameter Values:

character = String, any character

Examples:

x = ord("A")

print(x)

Output:
65

(49) ord()

Definition:

The ord() function returns the number representing the Unicode code of a specified character.

Syntax:

ord(character)

Parameter Values:

character = String, any character

Examples:

x = ord("A")

print(x)

Output:
65

(49) ord()

Definition:

The ord() function returns the number representing the Unicode code of a specified character.

Syntax:

ord(character)

Parameter Values:

character = String, any character

Examples:

x = ord("A")

print(x)

Output:
65

(49) ord()

Definition:

The ord() function returns the number representing the Unicode code of a specified character.

Syntax:

ord(character)

Parameter Values:

character = String, any character

Examples:

x = ord("A")

print(x)

Output:
65

(49) ord()

Definition:

The ord() function returns the number representing the Unicode code of a specified character.

Syntax:

ord(character)

Parameter Values:

character = String, any character

Examples:

x = ord("A")

print(x)

Output:
65

(49) ord()

Definition:

The ord() function returns the number representing the Unicode code of a specified character.

Syntax:

ord(character)

Parameter Values:

character = String, any character

Examples:

x = ord("A")

print(x)

Output:
65

(49) ord()

Definition:

The ord() function returns the number representing the Unicode code of a specified character.

Syntax:

ord(character)

Parameter Values:

character = String, any character

Examples:

x = ord("A")

print(x)

Output:
65

(49) ord()

Definition:

The ord() function returns the number representing the Unicode code of a specified character.

Syntax:

ord(character)

Parameter Values:

character = String, any character

Examples:

x = ord("A")

print(x)

Output:
65

(49) ord()

Definition:

The ord() function returns the number representing the Unicode code of a specified character.

Syntax:

ord(character)

Parameter Values:

character = String, any character

Examples:

x = ord("A")

print(x)

Output:
65

(49) ord()

Definition:

The ord() function returns the number representing the Unicode code of a specified character.

Syntax:

ord(character)

Parameter Values:

character = String, any character

Examples:

x = ord("A")

print(x)

Output:
65

Python Built-In Functions

Python Built-In Functions

Table Of Contents:

(1) What Is A Built-In Function?

(2) Different Built-In Function?

(1) abs( )

Definition:

Syntax:

Parameter Values:

Examples:

(2) any( )

Definition:

Syntax:

Parameter Values:

Examples:

(4) ascii( )

Definition:

Syntax:

Parameter Values:

Examples:

(5) bin( )

Definition:

Syntax:

Parameter Values:

Examples:

(6) bool( )

Definition:

Syntax:

Parameter Values:

Examples:

(7) bytearray( )

Definition:

Syntax:

Parameter Values:

Examples:

(8) bytes( )

Definition:

Syntax:

Parameter Values:

Examples:

(9) callable( )

Definition:

Syntax:

Parameter Values:

Examples:

(10) chr( )

Definition:

Syntax:

Parameter Values:

Examples:

(11) classmethod()

Definition:

Syntax:

Parameter Values:

Examples:

(12) compile()

Definition:

Syntax:

Parameter Values:

Examples:

(13) complex()

Definition:

Syntax:

Parameter Values:

Examples:

(14) complex()

Definition:

Syntax:

Parameter Values:

Examples:

(15) getattr()

Definition:

Syntax:

Parameter Values:

Examples:

(16) hasattr()

Definition:

Syntax:

Parameter Values:

Examples: