Python Extended Keyword Arguments(*args, **kwargs

Python Extended Keyword Arguments(*args, **kwargs)

(1) What Is Extended Keyword Arguments?

Arguments are the values passed to the function, for further processing.
Most of the time you will know how many arguments a function can take.
But, sometimes the argument counts can vary, and then your function will fail to accommodate those arguments.
To handle this issue we have ‘Extended Keyword Arguments‘.

Without Extended Keyword Arguments.

def student(name,rollno,subject):
    print('Student Name:',name)
    print('Student RollNo:',rollno)
    print('Student Subject:',subject)
    
student('Abhispa','143','Math',99)

Output:
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
Input In [32], in <cell line: 1>()
----> 1 student('Abhispa','143','Math',99)

TypeError: student() takes 3 positional arguments but 4 were given

Note:

Here, student( ) function takes the 3 arguments, which are ‘name’, ‘rollno’, and ‘subject’.
But if you try to pass one more value to it like the mark, it will break.

With Extended Keyword Arguments.

def student(*args):
    for value in args:
        print(value)
        
student('Abhispa','143','Math',99)

Output:
Abhispa
143
Math
99

Note:

Here, student( ) function can takes multiple arguments like, ‘name’, ‘rollno’, and ‘subject’.
You can pass multiple arguments to it.

(2) What Is Python *args ?

You can pass variable–length arguments by using the asterisk * symbol in front of a variable name.
Here ‘arg’ is the variable name, that you can give anything.
Finally, you need to iterate over the ‘args’ variable to get the individual values.

Example-1

def product(*args):
    for value in args:
        print(value)
product('Maggi','10 Rupees','205 Calories')

Output:
Maggi
10 Rupees
205 Calories

Note:

Here, I can iterate over the ‘args’ argument like a list to get the individual values.

Example-2

def bike(*specs):
    for value in specs:
        print(value)
        
bike('Ninja 300','4Lakh','300 CC','25KMPL')

Output:
Ninja 300
4Lakh
300 CC
25KMPL

Note:

Here, I can iterate over the ‘specs’ argument like a list to get the individual values.

(3) What Is Python Keyword Arguments **kwargs ?

When we are using a single asterisk (*) we can pass values as an argument,
These values can be anything like integers, strings, list, set, tuple or dictionaries.
With the use of a double asterisk(**), you can provide a name to the variable as you pass it into the function.
It is like passing a dictionary to the function.

Example-1

def students(**kwargs):
    for key,value in kwargs.items():
        print(f'Student {key}: {value}')
        
students(Name = 'Subrat', Mark = 78)

Output:
Student Name: Subrat
Student Mark: 78

Note:

Here, I can iterate over the ‘kwargs’ argument like a dictionary to get the key and values.

Example-2

def country(**details):
    for key,value in details.items():
        print(f'Student {key}: {value}')
country(Name = 'India', Population = '1 Billion', Flag = 'Triranga')

Output:
Student Name: India
Student Population: 1 Billion
Student Flag: Triranga

Note:

Here, I can iterate over the ‘details’ argument like a dictionary to get the key and values.

(4) Using Both *args and **kwargs ?

*args receives arguments as an array
**kwargs receives arguments as a dictionary.

Example-1

def employee(*args,**kwargs):
    for i in args:
        print(i)
    for i , j in kwargs.items():
        print(f'{i} : {j}')

employee('Praudyog','Learning Website',Name = 'Subrat',Degsignation= 'CEO')

Output:
Praudyog
Learning Website
Name : Subrat
Degsignation : CEO

Note:

Here, the arguments which are only values will be stored inside ‘args’ variable.
The arguments which are key and value pairs will be stored inside ‘kwargs’ variable.

Example-2

def laptops(*args, **kwargs):
    for i in args:
        print(i)
    for i , j in kwargs.items():
        print(f'{i} : {j}')
laptops('Dell',Model = 'Latitude 5420', Processor = 'Intel Core i5', Ram = '16GB')

Output:
Dell
Model : Latitude 5420
Processor : Intel Core i5
Ram : 16GB

Note:

Here, the arguments which are only values will be stored inside ‘args’ variable.
The arguments which are key and value pairs will be stored inside ‘kwargs’ variable.

Praudyog

Python Extended Keyword Arguments(*args, **kwargs

Python Extended Keyword Arguments(*args, **kwargs)

Table Of Contents:

(1) What Is Extended Keyword Arguments?

Without Extended Keyword Arguments.

With Extended Keyword Arguments.

(2) What Is Python *args ?

Example-1

Example-2

(3) What Is Python Keyword Arguments **kwargs ?

Example-1

Example-2

(4) Using Both *args and **kwargs ?

Example-1

Example-2

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