Python Numbers
Table Of Contents:
- What is Python Number Data Type?
- Types Of Python Numbers.
- Number Type Conversion.
- Mathematical Functions.
- Random Number Functions.
- Mathematical Constants.
(1) What Is Python Number Data Type?
- Number data types store numeric values like 45, 66.87, 0.452, etc.
- They are immutable data types, which means that changing the value of a number of data types results in a newly allocated object in memory.
- In Python you don’t have to declare the type of the variable, you only just need to assign the value to the variable.
- Python will automatically assign it’s type.
Example-1
var1 = 100
var2 = 52.65
var3 = 5 + 0.8jNote:
- Here you don’t have to declare the type of the variables like Java, C, or C++.
- Python will automatically take the type from its value.
Example-2
var1 = 100
var2 = 52.65
var3 = 5 + 0.8j
print(type(var1))
print(type(var2))
print(type(var3))Output:
<class 'int'>
<class 'float'>
<class 'complex'>(2) Types Of Numeric Data Type?
- In Python, there are mainly 3 types of numeric data types.
- Integer
- Float
- Complex
They are defined as int, float, and complex classes in Python.
- In order to find to which class the variable belongs you can use the type () function.
The isinstance() function is used to check if an object belongs to a particular class.
(a) Integer Data Types
- Integer data types are used to store a whole number without decimals, like 35, -99, or 1345000.
- The integer data type has two categories:
- Signed integers – can store both positive and negative values.
- Unsigned integers – can only store non-negative values
Example-1
a = 56
print('Type Of a : ',type(a))
b = -99
print('Type Of b : ',type(b))
c = 152365874566666466464
print('Type Of c : ',type(c)) Output:
Type Of a : <class 'int'>
Type Of b : <class 'int'>
Type Of c : <class 'int'>(b) Float Data Types
- The float data types are used to store decimal point values, like 35.3, -2.34, or 3597.34987.
- It can store positive and negative decimal point values.
Example-1
a = 89.575
print('Type Of a : ',type(a))
b = -99.45
print('Type Of b : ',type(b))
c = 152365874566666466464.5464
print('Type Of c : ',type(c)) Output:
Type Of a : <class 'float'>
Type Of b : <class 'float'>
Type Of c : <class 'float'>(b) Complex Data Types
- Complex numbers are written in the form, ( x + yj), where x is the real part and y is the imaginary part.
- We can use complex numbers in scientific calculations.
Example-1
a = 3 + 7j
print('Type Of a : ',type(a))
b = -(5 + 9j)
print('Type Of b : ',type(b))
c = -10j
print('Type Of c : ',type(c))
d = 0j
print('Type Of d : ',type(d))Output:
Type Of a : <class 'complex'>
Type Of b : <class 'complex'>
Type Of c : <class 'complex'>
Type Of d : <class 'complex'>(3) Number Types Conversion
- When you accept input from a user it will always come as a string type.
- Sometimes in an excel file, the numbers will be stored as a string type.
You need to explicitly convert it into a Numeric type.
- At that time you can use the numeric functions.
Example-1
number = input('Enter A Number')
print(number)
print(type(number))Output:
56
<class 'str'>Note:
- Here you can see that, even if you enter a number as an input, its type will be String.
Hence, we need to convert it into a Numeric type, to perform the numeric operation on it.
Types Of Numeric Converter
- int(x): to convert x to a plain integer.
- float(x): to convert x to a floating-point number.
complex(x): to convert x to a complex number with real part x and imaginary part zero.
complex(x, y): to convert x and y to a complex number with real part x and imaginary part y. x and y are numeric expressions.
Example-int(x)
number = '45'
print(type(number))
number = int(number)
print(type(number))Output:
<class 'str'>
<class 'int'>Example-float(x)
number = '99.99'
print(type(number))
number = float(number)
print(type(number))Output:
<class 'str'>
<class 'float'>Example-complex(x)
number = '9.05'
print(type(number))
number = complex(number)
print(type(number))Output:
<class 'str'>
<class 'complex'>Example-complex(x,y)
number1 = 5
number2 = 6
print(type(number))
number = complex(number1,number2)
print(type(number))Output:
<class 'str'>
<class 'complex'>(4) Mathematical Functions
- Python provides inbuild mathematical functions.
- That you can use it for doing mathematical operations.
(5) Random Number Functions
Random Number Functions are used to generate random numbers within a given range.
Random numbers are used for games, simulations, testing, security, and privacy applications.
- Python includes the following functions that are commonly used.
(6) Mathematical Constants
- Python math.e constant: The math.e constant returns the Euler’s number: 2.71828182846.
- Python math.pi constant: The math.pi constant returns the value pi: 3.14159265359.
- Python math.tau constant: The math.tau constant returns the value tau: 6.283185307179586.
- Python math.inf constant: The math.inf constant returns of positive infinity.
- Python math.nan constant: The math.nan constant returns a floating-point nan (Not a Number) value.